Here are instructions for using a heightmap in Blender to create a 3D mesh suitable for 3D printing: https://github.com/tangrams/heightmapper/blob/main/exporting_to_blender.md

Design studio Stamen adapted this process to create a large bathymetric map: https://stamen.com/creating-3d-bathymetric-maps-with-2d-data-d29004694044/

This is Mt. Diablo in California.

3D printed mountain 3D printed mountain 3D printed mountain